Periodontal (Gum) Disease
Periodontium is the surrounding tissue supporting a tooth. By having a healthy stable periodontium, that equates to a healthy stable foundational structure for tooth. Healthy periodontal health means no clinical signs of inflammation (bleeding, redness, swelling, discomfort).
The first signs of gum disease usually result in bleeding from brushing and flossing, red and swollen gum, and discomfort. At this stage of the disease, it’s called gingivitis. For the most part, gingivitis is usually caused by oral bacteria. These bacteria matures rather quickly (usually around 24 hrs) and will form sticky mass called plaque around the gum line (gingival margin). Once the plaque has formed, the only way to remove it is through thorough daily mechanical disruption. The most effective mechanical methods are brushing and flossing. If the plaque is not removed on time, the minerals within saliva will slowly calcify the bacteria and form calculus (tartar). Once calculus formed, it can only be removed through professional debridement.
The next stage of periodontal disease is called periodontitis, and it’s characterized by the loss of attachment (tissues binding the root surface of tooth). Bone loss usually start to occur at this stage, and bone regeneration becomes rather difficult and in many instances not possible. Therefore, there’s really no cure for periodontitis since oral environment is always filled with bacteria. The overall goal of treatment for periodontitis is to arrest the progression and maintain the existing level of damage from the disease process.
The good news is: gum disease can be managed as long as we address the risk factors.
Homecare Therapy
How should I take care of my teeth and gum health at home?
Cigarette smoking and uncontrolled diabetes are well known risk factors affecting periodontal health. Therefore, smoking cessation or reduction and proper management of diabetes condition are crucial.
Thorough daily mechanical debridement to reduce plaque load around gum line:
Flossing and interdental brushing at least once a day preferably night time.
Brushing with soft-bristle toothbrush (manual or electric) angled towards gum line and use circular motion focusing one tooth at a time. Focus at least 3-4 seconds around each tooth surface (lip/cheek, tongue/palate, chewing/biting).
If patient is more susceptible to caries/cavity, after brushing with fluoride toothpaste, spits out as much of toothpaste as possible, but don’t rinse, drink, eat for at least 30 minutes.